Tunisko je jednou z těch zemí, které v posledním desetiletí po revoluci prošel velkými změnami která v roce 2011 svrhla prezidenta Zine al-Abidine Ben Aliho a uvrhla zemi do nepokojů a arabského jara. Místo, které bylo kdysi oblíbeným cílem evropských umělců a intelektuálů (Dlouhodobě zde pobývali Paul Klee, Michel Foucault a Simone de Beauvoir) se náhle zdálo životu nebezpečné. Těch pár odvážných to omezilo své zkušenosti z pobřežních letovisek a lázní.
Poškození reputace Tuniska navíc přineslo několik teroristických útoků v roce 2015, v důsledku mezinárodní kampaně ISIS, která „zachytila zemi a zahájila zásadní přepracování protiteroristických iniciativ. Jaká je dnes situace? Daleko lepší než v roce 2011 s tím, že řada zemí stále doporučuje turistům opatrnost. Dosud, tuniská vláda zlepšila bezpečnost ve velkých městech a turistických letoviscích.
Je Tunisko nový Řím?
Je to země vzešlo z arabského jara s funkční demokracií, stabilizací ekonomiky a hladem po cestovním ruchu. Je to právě teď jediný arabský národ se svobodou projevua hlavní město touží po mladých lidech, kteří vyjadřují nové myšlenky prostřednictvím koncertů, politických shromáždění, uměleckých výstav a filmových festivalů. Ještě před deseti lety by to bylo nemožné.
V Tunisku jsou zde římské a fénické ruiny k prozkoumání, pláže k prozkoumání a úžasná řemesla to tě potěší. Dnes je Tunisko plné kreativních lidí, kteří plně využívají své nově nalezené svobody projevu a horlivosti k zachování svého dědictví novými a nečekanými způsoby.
„Když lidé cestují, chtějí příběh, chtějí být součástí něčeho,“ řekl Ben Gacem za BBC na dlážděném nádvoří jednoho z dva středověké domy v malebné Medině, kterou proměnila v penziony.
Po inženýrské kariéry po celé EvropěBen se stal skeptickým vůči zahraničním investicím a rozvoji. V roce 2013 se vrátila do Tuniska, aby zjistila, zda by mohla podpořit hospodářský růst zachováním kulturního dědictví. Strávila měsíce hledáním a posloucháním příběhů stovek řemeslníků v Medině, která je zapnutá Seznam světového dědictví UNESCO. Po rozhovoru s nimi, založila organizaci Blue Fish, aby jim pomohla udržet si práci. Jedním ze způsobů, jak toho dosáhnout, bylo stát se zákazníky vést k nim.
„Náš místní trh je příliš malý na to, abychom zachovali naše umění a řemeslo.“
Obnovou rodinných domů Ben přivedl tisíce návštěvníků z celého světa do dílen a vitrín řemeslníků z Mediny.
Ben Gacem tomu věří Kulturní dědictví Tuniska by se mělo nejen uchovávat, ale také předávat dál. Penziony se staly centry kultury, která pořádají večeře, přednášky a koncerty, které jsou přístupné veřejnosti a plné místních obyvatel z okolí. Zatímco Ben Gacem pracuje na zachování kultury uvnitř Mediny, mimo její zdi řada mladých Tunisanů nově definuje toto kulturní dědictví prostřednictvím umění, hudby a designu.
Mladí umělci se vracejí do Tuniska a zakládají zde vlastní podnikání
Mezi nimi je Anissa Meddeb (26), která kombinuje tuniské textilie a asijské vlivy vaši značku Anissa Aida. Meddeb se narodila a vyrostla v Paříži a studovala módu v New Yorku, než se rozhodla přestěhovat do země původu svých rodičů, aby založila vlastní linii.
Na začátku, Anissa měla problém najít kvalitní látku v moři špatného polyesteru. Proto je prohledali malá města v Tunisku, aby našli ty nejlepší tkalce hedvábí, lnu a bavlny s kým budou spolupracovat.
„Chtěl jsem se vrátit ke kořenům řemeslníků,“ řekl Meddeb. Trvalo jí několik měsíců, než našla ty správné partnery, ale nyní získává látky z celé země pro svou řadu, která se prodává v místních buticích jako Pižmo a ambra stejně jako v obchodech po celé Evropě.
Cestovatelé, kteří chtějí zažít krásný místní design, by se měli vydat do čtvrtí severně od centra Tunisu. Nejblíže centru města, v Mutuelleville, se nachází Řemeslnictví pro ručně tkané věšáky na rostliny a zdobená zrcadla. Pak existuje těžit a Elissa Artisanat kde si můžete vyzkoušet nejnovější modely na tuniský způsob. V moderní čtvrti La Marsa v Noa Atelier najdete současná keramika ve svěží černobílé paletě. Ukončete svou prohlídku v malém městě Sidi Bou Said. Zde se to dozvíte Rock the Kasbah, vtipný obchod s domácími potřebami. Skvělý design však není to jediné, co mezi luxusními domy a okouzlujícími vesničkami podél severního pobřeží najdete. Tam je také najdete římské ruiny světové třídy.
Dědictví Kartága
Dávno předtím, než tu bylo Tunisko, existovalo Kartágo, starověké fénické přístavní město, které po staletí soupeřilo s Římem. V epické básni Aeneida vypráví římský básník Vergilius o tom, jak to je zakladatel Kartága, královna Dido, uprchla z Tyru v Libanonu do severní Afriky. Když požádala místního kmenového vůdce o kus země, hodil na zem volskou kůži a řekl jí, že země pokrytá kůží patří jí. Obratným pohybem rozřezala kůži na tenké stuhy a obklíčila celý kopec těsně nad přístavem. Tohle je kopec Birsa, nejlepší místo, kde začít den objevováním fénických a římských ruin Kartága.
Na první pohled kopec Birsa, posetý vilami a vilami, je to spíš jako Beverly Hills spíše než na seznamu světového dědictví UNESCO. Ale na rozdíl od Beverly Hills, pokud si chcete postavit bazén na svůj dvorek Beers, raději nejprve zavolejte archeologa. Po staletí jedna civilizace za druhou na tomto úseku stavěla domy, což vedlo k nalezení africké červené keramiky nebo pozůstatků římské mozaiky.
S z vrcholu kopce je skvělý výhled na Středozemní moře a několik ruin od Féničanů a Římanůa hlavní atrakce, Muzeum Kartága, je z důvodu rekonstrukce až do odvolání uzavřena. Nejzajímavější je hřbitov Tophet. jsou tady staří Féničané přinášeli dětské oběti bohyni Tanitě. Pozůstatky si můžete prohlédnout i zde parní lázeň z doby Marka Antonia. Byla tam řada pískem potřísněných oblouků a mramorových sloupů část cisterny a veřejné lázně postavené v římských dobáchjeden z největších, jaký byl kdy vyroben.
Pro ty, kteří mají ještě větší hlad po dávné historii jednodenní výlet do Dougga stojí za námahu. Jen dvě hodiny jízdy na jihozápad od hlavního města, Dougga je nejlépe zachovalým římským městem v severní Africe. Mezi nejznámější památky v okolí tohoto chrámu patří Punicko-libyjské mauzoleum, divadlo a hlavní město. Kapitol je římský chrám z 2. století před naším letopočtem, věnovaný Jupiteru, Juno a Minervě. Sekundárně je věnována blahu císařů Luciuse Veruse a Marca Aurelia.
Autorkou tohoto článku je: Redaktorka Milan Kalivoda
Zdrojem fotografií v tomto příspěvku je: pixabay.com a freepik.com
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