Největší město federálního státu Louisiana je zároveň jedním z nejstarších měst v USA. New Orleans se nachází v deltě řeky Mississippi k Mexickému zálivu a vyznačuje se specifickými tradicemi, kulturou, gastronomií a dokonce i náboženskými praktikami.
Bylo založeno Francouzi v roce 1718, chvíli patřilo Španělům a poté se opět stalo Francouzem. V roce 1803 jej prodal do USA sám Napoleon a poté začal jeho prudký růst a rozvoj velkého přístavu. Bylo centrem pěstování bavlny a cukrové třtiny, ale bohužel i obchodu s otroky.
Vzhledem ke specifické pozici, mezi řekou Mississippi a jezerem Pontchartrain, ale i četné okolní bažiny, město již nemělo prostor pro další rozvoj, proto byly na počátku 20. století vybudovány odvodňovací systémy pozemků s náspy a přehradami. Bohužel se to ukázalo jako zvláště přitěžující okolnost, když New Orleans udeřilo v roce 2005 jeden z nejsilnějších hurikánů v historii – Katrina. Hurikán protrhl hráz směrem k řece a jezeru a město bylo zaplaveno.
Vzhledem k tomu, že se voda nachází pod hladinou moře, nemohla přirozeně odtékat, takže její části byly pod vodou celé měsíce, dokud nebyly přehrady přestavěny a voda nebyla odčerpána. Město se z této velké rány stále vzpamatovává a z 1,5 milionu obyvatel, kteří tam žili před katastrofou, je jich dnes něco přes 300 000.
Přesto se město známé jako „Big Easy“ postavilo na nohy a zůstalo jedna z oblíbených amerických turistických destinací. Zde je jen několik důvodů, proč stojí za návštěvu.
Kultura
Jedinečnou směs francouzské, španělské a afroamerické kultury, která existuje v New Orleans, nelze zažít nikde jinde na světě. Kreolské dědictví je fascinující a návštěvníci se o něm mohou dozvědět více v muzeu Historická kolekce New Orleans. Tato instituce se věnuje zachování kultury města. Mnozí z obyvatel jsou potomky původních osadníků francouzské Louisiany a stále mluví kreolskou francouzštinou. Je to srdce města Francouzská čtvrťznámý svou zachovalou koloniální architekturou a nočním životem Bourbon Street. Mezi hlavní atrakce Francouzské čtvrti patří historický park Jackson Squarekatolík Katedrála sv. Louis (Katedrála St. Louis) a francouzský trh.
Hudba
New Orleans je známé pro svůj význam pro svět hudby. Díky prolínajícím se evropským, africkým a latinským vlivům zde v koloniální éře začalo vznikat unikátní hudební dědictví. Evropské hudební nástroje a africké rytmy se na počátku 20. století spojily v nový hudební směr, který dobyl svět – jazz se narodil v New Orleans. Později bylo toto město důležité i pro rozvoj blues. Po celém městě si můžete užít živé koncerty. Pocházejí z kaváren a barů zvuky dixielandujedinečný jazzový směr, a nejlepší koncerty jsou samozřejmě ve Francouzské čtvrti. New Orleans Jazz Historic Park se nachází ve čtvrti Tremea jednou z nejvýznamnějších městských manifestací je Jazzový festival která každoročně přitahuje renomované hudebníky, ale i mladé jazzové naděje.
Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras je ten správný čas navštívit New Orleans, pokud máte rádi zábavu a dobré časy. Je to však také doba velkých davů a výrazně dražších cen ubytování. Festival se slaví po celé Louisianě a nejlepší čas je v New Orleans. Slaví se dva týdny, až do začátku velikonočního půstu a ve městě v tomto období panuje veselá karnevalová atmosféra s kostýmovanými průvody a plesy.
Gastronomie
Obyvatelé New Orleans jsou obzvláště hrdí na svou kuchyni. Mezi jídla, která zde musíte vyzkoušet, patří gumbo – druh guláše s okra, jambalaya – pokrm z masa, zeleniny a rýže, ale i ta pověstná přecpaná po‘ chlapci a muffuletta sendviče. Nechybí ani různé speciality z ryb, krevet a korýšů, ale i ty tradiční želví polévka. Oblíbené sladkosti jsou slavné beignetspodobně jako naše kolíčky na prádlo.
Jižní pohostinnost
Jižané jsou také známí jako pohostinní hostitelé, a tak tomu bylo před několika lety New Orleans zvolilo druhé nejpohostinnější město v USA, po San Franciscu. Místní jsou přátelští, ochotní pomoci a dobře poradit a také vás nasměrovat do jejich oblíbené restaurace nebo baru. Nutno však podotknout, že ačkoliv patří k nejpohostinnějším, New Orleans nepatří mezi nejbezpečnější města v USAproto je návštěvníkům doporučeno dbát obvyklé opatrnosti zejména v turistických oblastech a při nočních vycházkách.
Voodoo
Město je známé zvláštní náboženskou praxí známou pod jménem Louisianské voodoo. Otroci ze západní a střední Afriky si s sebou do Louisiany přinesli své náboženské rituály a praktiky a postupem času, pod mnoha dalšími vlivy, vyvinuli jedinečné nové náboženství, které zahrnovalo prvky křesťanství a víry ve světce. Rituály se provádějí v kreolštině se zpěvem tradičních písní. Dnes se návštěvníci mohou dozvědět více o voodoo návštěvou New Orleans Historic Voodoo Museum.
Autorkou tohoto článku je: Redaktorka Milan Kalivoda
Zdrojem fotografií v tomto příspěvku je: pixabay.com a freepik.com
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